The main differences between Etna Rosso obtained from Nerello Mascalese as a single-varietal wine and the one obtained in a blend with Nerello Cappuccio concern the aromatic profile, structure, and aging characteristics.
Aromatic Profile: Etna Rosso produced from Nerello Mascalese as a single-varietal wine is characterized by a complex aromatic bouquet with notes of ripe red fruits, delicate flowers, and a marked minerality. This wine tends to be more elegant and refined, with an aroma that reflects the volcanic terroir of Mount Etna. On the other hand, when Nerello Cappuccio is included in the blend, Etna Rosso gains more depth and intensity in its aromas, with additional notes of dark fruits and spices.
Structure: Etna Rosso obtained from Nerello Mascalese as a single-varietal wine has a balanced structure, with silky tannins that impart a pleasant smoothness. This wine is often appreciated for its freshness and well-balanced acidity. In contrast, the addition of Nerello Cappuccio in the blend contributes to a more substantial structure, with more evident tannins and a fuller-bodied sensation in the mouth.
Aging Characteristics: Both types of Etna Rosso can be wines suitable for aging, but their characteristics evolve differently over time. Etna Rosso made from Nerello Mascalese as a single-varietal wine can develop greater complexity, with tertiary aromas and a more delicate structure as it ages. On the other hand, the blend with Nerello Cappuccio can offer greater longevity, with a robust structure that develops and stabilizes over the years.
Despite these differences, both wines are named “Etna Rosso” because they come from the same region and share the territorial origin of Mount Etna. The designation “Etna Rosso” is linked to the specific production area, which is the slopes of Mount Etna, and reflects the significant influence that the volcanic terroir has on the profile of wines produced in this region. This unique designation emphasizes the importance of the territory in the production of these wines and the special connection between the wine’s characteristics and the environment where the Nerello Mascalese grape is grown.
The disciplinary regulations for Etna Rosso, issued by the consortium for the protection of the denomination or the entity responsible for overseeing wine productions, establish the rules and requirements for the production of this wine, whether obtained from Nerello Mascalese as a single-varietal wine or blended with Nerello Cappuccio. Below are some of the main provisions present in the disciplinary regulations:
Allowed Grape Varieties: Etna Rosso can be obtained from both the native Nerello Mascalese and Nerello Cappuccio grape varieties, either as single-varietal wines or in a blend with specified percentages. These two grape varieties are considered the main pillars of the Etna Rosso denomination and impart the typical characteristics of the volcanic terroir of Mount Etna to the wine.
Minimum Percentage of Grape Variety: The disciplinary regulations may establish the minimum percentage of each grape variety to be used in a blend. For instance, it may require that Etna Rosso blends contain at least 70% Nerello Mascalese and up to 30% Nerello Cappuccio.
Production Zones: The disciplinary regulations specify the geographical areas where the grapes must be cultivated to be eligible for Etna Rosso production. In the Etna Rosso denomination, vineyards must be located on the slopes of Mount Etna, particularly in the north, northeast, and southeast areas of the volcano.
Maximum Yield per Hectare: The disciplinary regulations set the maximum quantity of grapes that can be produced per hectare of cultivated land. This limit aims to control production and ensure consistent quality.
Vinification and Aging: The disciplinary regulations may provide details on the vinification methods and possible aging techniques for the wine. For example, it may establish the minimum aging period in wooden barrels or in bottle before release to the market.
Alcohol Content: The minimum alcohol percentage for Etna Rosso wine is determined, which can vary depending on the specific disciplinary regulations.
Labeling: The disciplinary regulations indicate the mandatory information to be included on the bottle label, such as the name of the denomination, the grape variety used, the producer’s name, and other essential details.
Controls and Certifications: The disciplinary regulations describe the control system and certification procedures to ensure compliance with the regulations and protect consumers.
Adherence to these provisions is essential to obtain the recognition of the Etna Rosso denomination and to guarantee the quality and authenticity of the wine produced on the slopes of Mount Etna.
